反应 #40271

反应方程式

potassium cyanide

ethyl cyanoacetate

isovaleraldehyde

hexane

potassium cyanide

→

2-isobutyl-succinonitrile

收率 99.0%

溶剂

water

water

反应条件

后处理

1. 1
   其他When no additional water was collected
2. 2
   温度the mixture was cooled
3. 3
   workup.DISTILLATIONdistilled under vacuum
4. 4
   其他to remove solvent
5. 5
   workup.ADDITIONIsopropanol (1 L) was added to the remaining oil
6. 6
   workup.DISTILLATIONThe reaction mixture was distilled at atmospheric pressure until a temperature of 95° C.
7. 7
   温度refluxed at this temperature for 5 h
8. 8
   温度The reaction mixture was cooled
9. 9
   workup.ADDITIONdiluted with water (0.5 L)
10. 10
    萃取extracted with 1 L methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
11. 11
    萃取The MTBE extract
12. 12
    洗涤was washed with water (0.5 L)
13. 13
    干燥dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate
14. 14
    过滤filtered
15. 15
    浓缩concentrated under vacuum

实验过程

A mixture of ethyl cyanoacetate (73.3 g, 6.48 mol), isovaleraldehyde (613.9 g, 7.13 mol), piperidine (5.5 g, 0.065 mol), and hexane (0.5 L) was placed under reflux with continuous removal of water. When no additional water was collected, the mixture was cooled and distilled under vacuum to remove solvent. Isopropanol (1 L) was added to the remaining oil, followed by a solution of potassium cyanide (422 g, 6.48 mol) in water (2 L). The reaction mixture was maintained below 35° C. during addition of the potassium cyanide solution and then held at approximately 35° C. for 4 h. The reaction mixture was distilled at atmospheric pressure until a temperature of 95° C. was reached and then refluxed at this temperature for 5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with water (0.5 L) and extracted with 1 L methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). The MTBE extract was washed with water (0.5 L), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum to give 873.4 g of 2-isobutyl-succinonitrile as an oil. Purified samples of 2-isobutyl-succinonitrile can be obtained by vacuum distillation (90° C. at 0.275 mm Hg).

来源