Reaction #710529

Reaction equation

nitrobenzene

water

→

nitrobenzene

aniline

Solvents

benzene

Conditions

Workup

1. 1
   workup.DISTILLATIONThis working up is preferably carried out by distillation
2. 2
   TemperatureThe vapours are cooled
3. 3
   Otheris separated off
4. 4
   Otherare fed back again to the reaction as recycled benzene (d.2)
5. 5
   workup.DISTILLATIONThe bottom product of the distillation
6. 6
   workup.DISTILLATIONoptionally after a further distillation in which nitrobenzene
7. 7
   Otheris obtained as the distillate (i.e. as head or side stream product)

Procedure

The washed nitrobenzene is finally freed from dissolved water, unreacted benzene and any organic impurities by further working up (step d(iv)). This working up is preferably carried out by distillation, the vapours of water and benzene and any organic impurities being expelled overhead. The vapours are cooled and fed into a separating tank. Water settles in the lower phase and is separated off. The upper phase comprises benzene and low-boiling substances, which are fed back again to the reaction as recycled benzene (d.2). A rectification column is preferably employed as the distillation apparatus. The bottom product of the distillation, optionally after a further distillation in which nitrobenzene is obtained as the distillate (i.e. as head or side stream product), is supplied to further applications (such as hydrogenation to form aniline) as pure nitrobenzene (d.1).

Source