Reaktion #2025990

Reaktionsgleichung

hydrogen

2-amino-5-bromo-3-nitro-4,6-lutidine

2,3-diamino-4,6-lutidine

5-bromo-2,3-diamino-4,6-lutidine

Propionic acid

propionic acid

ammonium hydroxide

→

imidazolutidine

Ausbeute 78.0%

5,7-dimethyl-2-ethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine

Ausbeute 78.0%

Lösungsmittel

water

Reaktionsbedingungen

Aufarbeitung

1. 1
   Sonstigereaction
2. 2
   Sonstige-250°, det
3. 3
   Sonstige300° C.
4. 4
   Sonstigeramp from 110° C.
5. 5
   Sonstige(2 minutes)
6. 6
   Sonstigeto 280° C.
7. 7
   Sonstigethe catalyst is removed by filtration through a pad of solka-foc (1 g)
8. 8
   WaschenThe filter cake is washed with propionic acid (100 mL)
9. 9
   EinengenThe combined filtrates are concentrated by distillation at atmospheric pressure to one-half volume
10. 10
    workup.ADDITIONPropionic acid (200 mL) is added
11. 11
    workup.DISTILLATIONdistillation
12. 12
    Sonstigereaches 147°-149° C
13. 13
    TemperaturThe mixture is heated
14. 14
    Temperaturunder reflux for 5 hours at a reaction temperature of 147°-149° C
15. 15
    workup.DISTILLATIONPeriodic distillation
16. 16
    Sonstigeto remove water (a reaction by-product)
17. 17
    Temperaturto maintain this reaction temperature
18. 18
    SonstigeA batch temperature of >145° C.
19. 19
    Sonstigeretention times--12.4 minutes and 13.4 minutes
20. 20
    SonstigeThe final reaction volume
21. 21
    Temperaturmaintaining the temperature at 30°-50° C
22. 22
    TemperaturThe solution is cooled to 15° C.
23. 23
    workup.WAITThe slurry is aged at -5° C. for 1 hour
24. 24
    FiltrationThe slurry is filtered
25. 25
    Waschenwashed well with cold water (2° C., 300 mL)
26. 26
    Sonstigedried under vacuum with a nitrogen
27. 27
    Sonstigepurge at 30° C.

Vorschrift

2-Amino-5-bromo-3-nitro-4,6-lutidine (5, 57.2 g at 87% purity, 0.204 mole) is charged to a vessel containing 4% aqueous sodium hydroxide (500 ml, 0.5 mole) and THF (100 mL). 5% Palladium on carbon (1.0 g) is added and the slurry is hydrogenated in a glass bottle on a Parr shaker at 40 psi hydrogen at 25° C. until the theoretical amount of hydrogen is consumed. Addition of the bromo-nitro-lutidine (5) should be made after the THF and aqueous NaOH have been premixed. This prevents the formation of lumps and aids in the wetting of the solid. 3 Moles of hydrogen are required. Use of excess catalyst (>2 wt %) results in a rapid hydrogen uptake and an exotherm difficult to control by external cooling. The end point is marked by complete cessation of hydrogen uptake. Analysis by gas chromatography confirms complete reaction. Typically, <1% of the bromo-diamino intermediate remains. G.C. conditions: DB-5 (25 m×0.22 mm), flow--1.0 mL/minutes helium, constant flow mode, inj. temp--250°, det. temp. 300° C., ramp from 110° C. (2 minutes) to 280° C. at 10° C./minutes. Retention times: 2,3-diamino-4,6-lutidine, 8.8 minutes; 5-bromo-2,3-diamino-4,6-lutidine, 12.7 minutes; and 2-amino-5-bromo-3-nitro-4,6-lutidine (5), 12.4 minutes. Propionic acid (500 mL) is added to the mixture and the catalyst is removed by filtration through a pad of solka-foc (1 g). The filter cake is washed with propionic acid (100 mL). The combined filtrates are concentrated by distillation at atmospheric pressure to one-half volume. Propionic acid (200 mL) is added and distillation continued until the batch temperature reaches 147°-149° C. The mixture is heated under reflux for 5 hours at a reaction temperature of 147°-149° C. Periodic distillation to remove water (a reaction by-product) is required to maintain this reaction temperature. A batch temperature of >145° C. is required for complete cyclization. The reaction is considered complete when <3% of the 2,3-diaminolutidine+monoacyl-2,3-diaminolutidine remains by G.C., retention times--12.4 minutes and 13.4 minutes respectively. The final reaction volume is adjusted to 350 mL by addition of propionic acid or further concentration. The homogeneous solution is cooled to 40° C. and water (250 mL) is added. The pH is adjusted to 9.0-9.5 by the addition of concentrated ammonium hydroxide (270 mL) maintaining the temperature at 30°-50° C. The solution is cooled to 15° C. and the slurry is aged for 1 hour. The slurry is aged at -5° C. for 1 hour. The slurry is filtered and washed well with cold water (2° C., 300 mL) and dried under vacuum with a nitrogen purge at 30° C. to yield 27.6 g of the imidazolutidine (7) at a purity of 100% (HPLC wt %) for a yield of 78%.

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