تفاعل #345497

معادلة التفاعل

anthraquinone

anthracene

2-chloroanthraquinone

hexane methylene chloride

→

desired compound

المردود 14.4%

2-Chloroanthracene

المردود 14.4%

المذيبات

ammonium hydroxide

water

methylene chloride

ظروف التفاعل

المعالجة

1. 1
   workup.ADDITIONAfter the addition
2. 2
   درجة الحرارةthe stirred mixture was heated gradually over 3 h to 90° C.
3. 3
   درجة الحرارةmaintained at 90°-95° C. for 2 h (red color dissipated)
4. 4
   workup.STIRRINGThe reaction mixture was stirred overnight as it
5. 5
   درجة الحرارةcooled to room temperature
6. 6
   workup.STIRRINGstirred for 2 h
7. 7
   ترشيحfiltered through Celite
8. 8
   أخرىto remove the excess zinc
9. 9
   غسيلThe filter cake was washed with methylene chloride (6×1 L)
10. 10
    أخرىThe methylene chloride layer was separated from the aqueous,
11. 11
    workup.ADDITIONthen treated with 6N hydrochloric acid (3 L)
12. 12
    workup.STIRRINGstirred for 2 h
13. 13
    ترشيحA first crop of 2-chloroanthracene was collected by filtration
14. 14
    غسيلwashed with water (4×1 L)
15. 15
    أخرىVacuum drying
16. 16
    أخرىafforded a light yellow crystalline product
17. 17
    تركيزThe methylene chloride portion of the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to 10% of its original volume

الإجراء التجريبي

A stirred suspension of 2-chloroanthraquinone (1260 g, 5.19 mol) in concentrated ammonium hydroxide (7.5 L) and water (2.5 L) was warmed to 40° C. Zinc dust (845 g, 12.93 mol) was added in one portion, changing the color to deep red. The mixture was stirred for 45 min at 50° C., then cautiously treated with a second portion of zinc dust (845 g). After the addition, the stirred mixture was heated gradually over 3 h to 90° C., then maintained at 90°-95° C. for 2 h (red color dissipated). TLC analysis (silica gel; hexane:methylene chloride (3:1)) showed complete conversion of the anthraquinone (Rf 0.35) to the desired anthracene (Rf 0.80). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight as it cooled to room temperature. The cooled mixture was treated with methylene chloride (4 L), stirred for 2 h, then filtered through Celite to remove the excess zinc. The filter cake was washed with methylene chloride (6×1 L). The methylene chloride layer was separated from the aqueous, then treated with 6N hydrochloric acid (3 L) and stirred for 2 h. A first crop of 2-chloroanthracene was collected by filtration and washed with water (4×1 L). Vacuum drying afforded a light yellow crystalline product weighing 804.6 g (mp 220°-221° C.). The methylene chloride portion of the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to 10% of its original volume. This produced an additional 158.5 g of the desired compound for a total yield of 963.1 g (87.2%). NMR (CDCl3) 8.39 (s, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.96 (s, 4H), 7.49 (s, 2H), 7.36 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H).

المصدر