تفاعل #2446104
ord-0800c99ffc064dbdb44132eb81ab7e9b
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The composition preferably comprises 20 wt. % to 55 wt. % of water-soluble and/or water-insoluble, organic and/or inorganic builder. The water-soluble organic builders particularly include those from the class of the polycarboxylic acids, particularly citric acid and sugar acids, as well as the polymeric (poly)carboxylic acids, particularly the polycarboxylates that can be obtained by oxidation of polysaccharides, polymeric acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid and mixed polymers thereof, which can also comprise minor amounts of copolymerized polymerizable substances that are free of carboxylic acid functionality. The relative molecular weight of the homopolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids lies generally between 5000 and 200,000, that of the copolymers between 2000 and 200,000, preferably 50,000 to 120,000, based on the free acid. A particularly preferred acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer has a relative molecular weight of 50,000 to 100,000. Suitable, yet less preferred compounds of this class, are copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with vinyl ethers, such as vinyl methyl ethers, vinyl esters, ethylene, propylene and styrene, in which the content of the acid is at least 50 wt. %. Terpolymers, which comprise two unsaturated acids and/or their salts as monomers as well as vinyl alcohol and/or an esterified vinyl alcohol or a carbohydrate as the third monomer, can also be used as water-soluble organic builders. The first acid monomer or its salt is derived from a monoethylenically unsaturated C3-C8 carboxylic acid and preferably from a C3-C4 monocarboxylic acid, particularly from (meth)acrylic acid. The second acid monomer or its salt can be a derivative of a C4-C8 dicarboxylic acid, maleic acid being particularly preferred. In this case the third monomer unit is formed from vinyl alcohol and/or preferably an esterified vinyl alcohol. In particular, vinyl alcohol derivatives are preferred which represent an ester of short chain carboxylic acids, for example C1-C4 carboxylic acids with vinyl alcohol. Preferred terpolymers comprise 60 wt. % to 95 wt. %, particularly 70 wt. % to 90 wt. % (meth)acrylic acid or (meth)acrylate, particularly preferably acrylic acid or acrylate, and maleic acid or maleate as well as 5 wt. % to 40 wt. %, preferably 10 wt. % to 30 wt. % vinyl alcohol and/or vinyl acetate. Terpolymers are quite particularly preferred, in which the weight ratio (meth)acrylic acid or (meth)acrylate to maleic acid or maleate is between 1:1 and 4:1, preferably between 2:1 and 3:1 and particularly 2:1 and 2.5:1. Here, both the quantities and the weight ratios are based on the acids. The second acid monomer or its salt can also be a derivative of an allyl sulfonic acid, which is substituted in the 2-position with an alkyl group, preferably a C1-C4 alkyl group, or an aromatic group that is preferably derived from benzene or benzene derivatives. Preferred terpolymers comprise 40 wt. % to 60 wt. %, particularly 45 wt. % to 55 wt. % (meth)acrylic acid or (meth)acrylate, particularly preferably acrylic acid or acrylate, 10 wt. % to 30 wt. %, preferably 15 wt. % to 25 wt. % methallyl sulfonic acid or methallyl sulfonate and as the third monomer 15 wt. % to 40 wt. %, preferably 20 wt. % to 40 wt. % of a carbohydrate. This carbohydrate can, for example, be a mono, di, oligo or polysaccharide, mono, di or oligosaccharides being preferred, saccharose being particularly preferred. Adding the third monomer presumably creates intended weak points in the polymer, which are responsible for the good biological degradation of the polymer. In general, the terpolymers possess a relative molecular weight between 1000 and 200,000, preferably between 200 and 50,000 and particularly between 3000 and 10,000. They can be added, especially for the manufacture of liquid compositions, in the form of aqueous solutions, preferably in the form of 30 to 50 weight percent aqueous solutions. In general, all the cited polycarboxylic acids are added in the form of their water-soluble salts, particularly their alkali metal salts.